Shoe Drop (Heel-to-Toe Drop, HTD) 는 러닝화 미드솔의 heel stack - forefoot stack 의 차이 (mm). 스택 높이 의 부속 지표로, 발의 ankle dorsiflexion 각·풋 스트라이크 패턴·근육 부하 분포에 직접 영향. 분류는 High 8 – 12 mm · Medium 4 – 8 mm · Low 0 – 4 mm · Zero 0 mm. 높은 drop 은 Achilles·종아리 부담을 줄이고 무릎 부담을 늘리며, 낮은 drop 은 정반대 + forefoot strike 유도. Malisoux 2016 RCT (0/6/10 mm 비교) — drop 자체는 부상 결정 인자 X, 단 regular runner 는 0 mm 에서 risk ↑, occasional runner 는 lower drop 에서 적응 양호. 부위별 부상 분포 — 낮은 drop → ankle/foot injury ↑, 높은 drop → knee injury ↑. Altra 는 zero-drop 대표 브랜드 (15% knee injury vs 26% / 41% ankle·foot vs 31%, 10 mm 대비). 4 – 6 mm 이상 변경 시 4 – 8주 점진 — 급격 변경은 Achilles tendinitis·calf strain·metatarsal stress 위험.
Heel 이 forefoot 보다 높음 → Achilles stretch 감소 → tendon load ↓
종아리 부담 ↓
Net ankle moment 최소화 — 종아리 muscle activation ↓
Heel strike 유도
Heel 이 먼저 닿기 쉬움
무릎 부담 ↑
Knee extension moment ↑ — 무릎 신전 부하 ↑
무릎 부상 ↑
Patellofemoral joint stress ↑
“Running in shoes with larger heel-to-toe drops decreases loading of the Achilles tendon and calf muscles by minimizing the net ankle moment during running.”
— 2021 biomechanics study (MDPI Applied Sciences)
Malisoux et al. (2016). Influence of the heel-to-toe drop of standard cushioned running shoes on injury risk in leisure-time runners — a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine — 0/6/10 mm RCT
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (2025). Immediate and long-term effects of zero-drop running shoes on lower extremity biomechanics. frontiersin.org — Zero-drop 효과
MDPI Applied Sciences (2021). Biomechanical Analysis of Running in Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops. mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/24/12144 — Drop 별 knee/ankle moment
MDPI Applied Sciences (2024). Effects of Sports Shoe Drop on Walking Biomechanics. mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/19/10515
PMC. Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8833076
RunRepeat. Heel to Toe Drop — The Ultimate Guide. runrepeat.com/guides/heel-to-toe-drop
Podiatry Today. How Does Heel-to-Toe Drop in Running Shoes Impact Heel Pain? hmpgloballearningnetwork.com — 임상 가이드